欧盟裁定 Google 必须向竞争对手开放 Android 和 Search，影响 Gemini 等 AI 服务

在欧盟下令谷歌遵守该集团的数字反垄断规则后，谷歌必须向竞争对手的人工智能助手和搜索引擎提供对Android和Google搜索关键部分的更大访问权限。

这两项裁决：https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_1634，于周四作出，可能削弱谷歌对两个科技行业最重要平台的控制，并对公司产生深远影响，影响其AI工具Gemini的未来，同时为竞争对手开辟新的发展机会。谷歌必须在2027年1月之前开始共享搜索数据，并在2027年7月之前对Android实施更改。

这些裁决源自欧盟《数字市场法》下的技术监管程序：/24040543/eu-dma-digital-markets-act-big-tech-antitrust (DMA)，该法要求被指定为“看门人”的主导平台向竞争对手提供与自身享有的系统和数据相当的访问权限。不同于金融罚款，这些程序要求谷歌改变其运营方式，以使其服务符合DMA，并通过公司与监管机构之间的广泛沟通而制定。如果谷歌不遵守，欧盟委员会可能会处以https://www.eu-digital-markets-act.com/Digital_Markets_Act_Article_30.html 高达其年全球营业额10%的罚款，可能高达数百亿美元。

这两项程序分别关注谷歌业务中主题相似但不同的部分：竞争对手的AI助手如何在Android上运行，以及竞争搜索引擎和其他AI聊天机器人如何访问谷歌搜索生成的数据。

Android裁决规定了谷歌必须如何向竞争对手的AI助手提供与Gemini相同类型的系统功能和数据访问权限。在实际操作中，这要求更高的互操作性，让用户——而非谷歌——决定竞争工具是否可以访问其数据和设备硬件。这可能包括与应用程序的交互能力、响应“嘿，谷歌”等语音命令以及更充分地利用手机硬件。这意味着Android用户最终可以选择ChatGPT、Claude、Perplexity或其他助手作为深度集成的系统助手，而不是Gemini，并获得与设备功能相当的访问权限。

第二个程序关注谷歌搜索及其生成的数据，阐述了竞争搜索引擎和人工智能服务如何获取谷歌长期保护的信息。值得注意的是，欧盟表示，这包括人工智能聊天机器人，在某些情况下实际上起到搜索引擎的功能。该数据共享措施在总体上与美国搜索反垄断案件中下达的补救措施相呼应：/policy/717087/google-search-remedies-ruling-chrome，其中谷歌被指示与竞争对手共享有价值的搜索信息，以帮助提升其竞争能力。

今天的裁决也可能为布鲁塞尔如何处理涉及其他科技巨头的类似问题提供参考。这包括苹果公司，苹果拒绝在欧洲发布 Siri AI，并明确将责任归咎于 DMA：/ai-artificial-intelligence/947051/apple-europe-dma-siri-ai，理由是该互操作性要求会影响用户安全。

“通过今天的措施，我们希望支持欧盟的创新和多样性，使 Android 设备的 AI 助手市场和搜索引擎市场实现公平竞争，”欧盟委员会负责技术主权、安全和民主事务的执行副主席 Henna Virkkunen 表示。“借助这些措施，我们希望看到 Google 搜索和谷歌 AI 服务（如 Gemini）的新兴替代方案，并让欧盟用户享有更多服务选择。欢迎所有开发者，无论大小，探索这些新机会，这也必将惠及用户。”

Google must give rival AI assistants and search engines greater access to key parts of Android and Google Search after the European Union ordered the company to comply with the bloc’s digital antitrust rules.

The two decisions：https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_1634, handed down Thursday, could weaken Google’s control over two of the tech industry’s most important platforms and have far-reaching consequences for the company, shape the future of its AI tool Gemini, and open up new opportunities for rivals to gain ground. Google has until January 2027 to begin sharing search data and July 2027 to implement changes to Android.

The rulings stem from technical regulatory proceedings under the EU’s Digital Markets Act：/24040543/eu-dma-digital-markets-act-big-tech-antitrust (DMA), which requires dominant platforms — designated “gatekeepers” — to give competitors comparable access to systems and data as they themselves enjoy. Unlike a financial penalty, the procedures require Google to change how it operates in order to bring its services in line with the DMA and are developed through extensive engagement between the company and regulators. If Google does not comply, the European Commission could impose fines：https://www.eu-digital-markets-act.com/Digital_Markets_Act_Article_30.html of up to 10 percent of its annual worldwide turnover, potentially tens of billions of dollars.

The two proceedings focus on separate but thematically similar parts of Google’s business: How rival AI assistants can operate on Android, and how competing search engines and other AI chatbots can access data generated by Google Search.

The Android decision sets out how Google must give rival AI assistants the same kind of system features and data access as it gives Gemini. In practical terms, it requires greater interoperability, allowing users — rather than Google — to decide whether competing tools can access their data and device hardware. That could include the ability to interact with apps, respond to voice commands like “Hey Google,” and make fuller use of the phone’s hardware. That means Android users could eventually choose ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity, or other assistants as deeply integrated system assistants instead of Gemini, with comparable access to device capabilities.

The second proceeding focuses on Google Search and the data it generates, setting out how competing search engines and AI services can gain access to information historically kept by Google. Notably, the EU said this includes AI chatbots, which effectively function as search engines in some cases. The data-sharing measure broadly echoes remedies ordered in the US search antitrust case：/policy/717087/google-search-remedies-ruling-chrome, where Google was instructed to share valuable search information with rivals that could help boost their ability to compete.

Today’s rulings may also offer an indication into how Brussels will approach similar questions involving other tech giants. This includes Apple, which declined to release Siri AI in Europe, explicitly blaming the DMA：/ai-artificial-intelligence/947051/apple-europe-dma-siri-ai and arguing its interoperability requirements compromise user safety.

“With today’s measures, we want to support innovation and diversity in the European Union, enabling fair competition in the markets of AI assistant for Android devices and search engines,” said European Commission executive vice president for tech sovereignty, security, and democracy Henna Virkkunen. “Thanks to these measures we hope to see emerging alternatives to Google Search and Google’s AI services, such as Gemini, and that users in the EU can enjoy greater choice of services. All developers, large and small, are welcome to explore these new opportunities, which will certainly benefit users too.”