OpenAI 宣布解决 Navier-Stokes 问题，引发数据使用争议

OpenAI表示，它发现了解决一个大约90年来未解的重大数学问题的方法，《纽约时报》曾报道过：https://www.nytimes.com/2026/09/08/science/openai-proof-millennium-problem.html?partner=slack&smid=sl-share 和《连线》杂志：https://www.wired.com/story/openai-navier-stokes-math-discovery-academics/。在周二的一篇博客文章中：https://openai.com/index/navier-stokes-solution/，OpenAI宣布，它利用一个比新发布的GPT-6 Astra更强大的内部AI模型以及10,000个并行代理，发现了解决纳维-斯托克斯问题的方法——该问题与液体和气体的流动有关。纳维-斯托克斯问题是七个千禧年大奖难题之一：https://www.claymath.org/millennium-problems/，每解决一个都会获得100万美元的奖金。

OpenAI表示，它从8月28日开始训练内部AI模型，该模型“在我们的基准测试中表现出前所未有的性能，包括数学方面。” 这一解决方案对于数学界来说是一个重大突破，但也并非没有争议。

就在OpenAI发布这一消息的前一天，纽约大学数学教授Tristan Buckmaster与Anthropic的研究员Levent Alpöge合作，发表了关于相关问题的研究结果：https://mastodon.social/@tristanbuckmaster/117236471352470303。 Buckmaster在宣布这些研究结果时：https://cims.nyu.edu/~tristanb/statement.pdf 表示，他在得知OpenAI知道他们的进展后联系了OpenAI。然而，Buckmaster发现OpenAI已经使用他和Alpöge在使用OpenAI的Codex和Anthropic的Claude时正在研究的方法，提供了纳维-斯托克斯方程的证明。

在声明中，Buckmaster对OpenAI是否访问了他们的Codex数据以接近纳维-斯托克斯解表示担忧。 Buckmaster写道：“我问过该模型是否经过训练或是否能访问我们在Codex中的会话，这些会话中包含了我们在整个项目的所有草稿。” “我被告知模型没有查阅用户数据。我再次询问训练的情况，但没有得到答案。”

OpenAI现在试图通过周二的公告来消除这些疑虑，称“为了解决这个问题，没有访问任何特定用户的数据。” 它补充说：“尽管不太可能，但我们不能排除从用户使用我们产品中获得的去标识化数据帮助改进模型的可能性。” 当被询问评论时，OpenAI将The Verge指向其在X上的声明：https://x.com/OpenAI/status/2097375276384567642?s=20，该声明与其博客文章内容一致。

OpenAI 的技术人员 Sebastien Bubeck 同样表示：https://x.com/SebastienBubeck/status/2097379411691516310?s=20：“在他们[Buckmaster 和 Alpöge]昨晚公开发布之前，我们根本没有看到他们的任何工作。事后看来，我们的证明存在显著差异，甚至所证明的具体结果也不同。”

同时，Buckmaster在Mastodon上回应称：https://mastodon.social/@tristanbuckmaster/117236471352470303 OpenAI“公开承认他们使用的是在我们发现结果之后的训练数据。”

OpenAI表示不打算领取100万美元奖金。

OpenAI says it found a solution to a major math problem that has remained unsolved for around 90 years, as reported earlier by The New York Times ：https://www.nytimes.com/2026/09/08/science/openai-proof-millennium-problem.html?partner=slack&smid=sl-share and Wired ：https://www.wired.com/story/openai-navier-stokes-math-discovery-academics/. In a blog post on Tuesday：https://openai.com/index/navier-stokes-solution/, OpenAI announced that it discovered a solution to the Navier-Stokes problem — which relates to the flow of liquid and gas — using an internal AI model more powerful than the newly released GPT-6 Astra alongside 10,000 concurrent agents. The Navier-Stokes problem is one of seven Millennium Prize Problems：https://www.claymath.org/millennium-problems/, each of which comes with a $1 million reward for solving.

OpenAI says it started training the internal AI model on August 28th, which has “exhibited unprecedented performance in our benchmarks, including mathematics.” The solution is a big breakthrough for the mathematics community, but it doesn’t come without controversy.

Just one day before OpenAI’s announcement, New York University mathematics professor Tristan Buckmaster published findings：https://mastodon.social/@tristanbuckmaster/117236471352470303 on a related problem in partnership with Levent Alpöge, a researcher at Anthropic. When announcing these findings：https://cims.nyu.edu/~tristanb/statement.pdf, Buckmaster claims he contacted OpenAI after learning the company had heard about their progress. However, Buckmaster found that OpenAI had produced a proof for the Navier-Stokes equation using a route he and Alpöge had been working on with OpenAI’s Codex and Anthropic’s Claude.

In his statement, Buckmaster raises concerns about whether OpenAI had accessed their Codex data to get closer to the Navier-Stokes solution. “I asked whether the model had been trained on, or had access to, our sessions in Codex, into which we had been putting all our drafts for the whole of this project,” Buckmaster writes. “I was told the model did not look up user data. I asked again, about training, and I did not get an answer.”

OpenAI is now attempting to squash these suspicions with its Tuesday announcement, saying “no specific user data was accessed in order to solve this problem.” It adds that “while unlikely, we cannot rule out that de-identified data derived from their usage of our products helped improve our models⁠.” When reached for comment, OpenAI pointed The Verge to its statement on X：https://x.com/OpenAI/status/2097375276384567642?s=20, which echoes its blog post.

Sebastien Bubeck, a member of technical staff at OpenAI, similarly said：https://x.com/SebastienBubeck/status/2097379411691516310?s=20: “We did not see any of their [Buckmaster and Alpöge’s] work until they released it publicly last night. One can in hindsight see that our proofs differ significantly and even the precise results proved are different.”

Meanwhile, Buckmaster responded to this in a post on Mastodon, claiming：https://mastodon.social/@tristanbuckmaster/117236471352470303 that OpenAI is “openly admitting they used training data from a period after we found our result.”

OpenAI says it doesn’t plan on taking the $1 million prize.