随着科技行业对人工智能可能毁灭人类发出警报，娱乐劳工团体呼吁公众关注目前正在发生的事情。The Verge联系了迪士尼：/ai-artificial-intelligence/899850/openai-sora-ai-chatgpt，Netflix：/streaming/966633/netflix-ai-titles-q2-2026-earnings，亚马逊：/tech/991809/amazon-prime-video-ai-lip-sync-dubbing，Lionsgate：/2024/9/18/24248115/lionsgate-runway-ai-deal，以及其他开始使用人工智能的制片厂，以及专注于将生成式人工智能推向主流的电影初创公司，询问他们对近期围绕该技术的警告：/ai-artificial-intelligence/991927/anthropic-ai-kill-all-humans的反应。没有任何一家回应我们的置评请求。然而，美国演员工会——美国电视与广播艺术家联合会（SAG-AFTRA）和美国编剧工会东部（WGAE）则有参与。
娱乐制作中使用的人工智能工具与最近引发吹哨和末日宣言的人工智能系统不同。它们似乎没有那些迫使前人类研究员雅各布·考克森辞职的人工智能系统那样存在主义危险：/ai-artificial-intelligence/991927/anthropic-ai-kill-all-humans，并促使人类阵营促使埃文·休宾格坚持认为这项技术“在未来十年内”可能“杀死所有人类”。
当我最近与美国演员工会——美国电视与广播艺术家联合会（SAG-AFTRA）首席谈判代表邓肯·克拉布特里·爱尔兰交谈时，他告诉我工会很早就意识到人工智能可能影响会员的生计。大多数人可能不熟悉制片厂用数字复制品完全替代人类演员的想法，但美国演员工会-AFTRA明白，他们有机会通过“在最早的时刻发声”来塑造好莱坞公众对人工智能的看法。
“我们通过协商，达成了可执行且有意义的规矩，来规范我们行业内主要雇主如何实施这项技术，”Crabtree-Ireland解释道。“这并不包括像OpenAI、Anthropic或Google这样的公司，但确实涵盖了所有在美国围绕创作专业级娱乐内容建立业务的公司。”
尽管Crabtree-Ireland认为我们“应该关注AI对更广泛社会和社会结构的影响，”他也认为有关这项技术可能构成灭绝性威胁的一些警告可能夸大其词。有些悲观主义已经成为AI公司用来为其产品制造话题的常见方式，但Coxon离开Anthropic以发出警报的事实让Crabtree-Ireland有所犹豫。听到“这些公司CEO或那些通过做他们现在警告可能不好的事情而赚取数十亿美元的亿万富翁”的信息，让他不确定“该相信什么或该信任什么”。但他承认Coxon确实能够“在公众中引起关注”。
“推动AI进入我们社会的科技寡头的鲁莽，只能与他们猖獗的不诚实相提并论。”
让人们相信SAG-AFTRA对AI的担忧应被认真对待，是工会成员投票罢工时的主要目标之一。Crabtree-Ireland告诉我，实现这一目标的关键是以明确的信息领导罢工，向公众清晰说明利害关系以及可以采取的防止最坏情况的步骤。如果没有这一点，Crabtree-Ireland认为美国电影电视制作人联盟（AMPTP）可能不会同意工会的一些要求，比如要求制片公司在使用演员的AI生成替身前获得许可并给予补偿。“如果这一原则没有被确立，我认为使用复制和替代人类表演的经济动力会更强”并且“会导致数字复制技术被更大范围、更快速地采用。”如果这些保护措施没有被制定下来的话，Crabtree-Ireland相信娱乐行业的工作人员现在的处境会更加严峻。
美国东部编剧协会（WGAE）执行董事萨姆·惠勒（Sam Wheeler）对“科技寡头将人工智能强加于我们的社会”的行为表达了更为尖锐的谴责，他称这种鲁莽行为“只有他们猖獗的不诚实才能与之匹敌”。但虽然惠勒很难将人工智能公司发出的警告照单全收，他指出，WGAE“长期以来一直警告，缺乏监管的人工智能对工人、我们的民主以及整个世界构成生存威胁。”
“工会会员已在合同中谈判加入了有意义的人工智能保护措施；2023年，WGA会员在罢工148天后，影视制片厂才同意为电影和电视编剧提供实际保障，”惠勒表示。“但集体谈判不能替代政府监管，我们对像纽约这样的州在缺乏联邦行动时继续制定有意义的监管表示感激。”
惠勒列举了人工智能加剧的一些具体社会危害，包括削弱工人权力、破坏互联网、传播虚假信息以及能源成本上升。他敦促政策制定者不要被人工智能公司宣称的末日景象所分心，因为真正的问题在于人类的不负责任行为。
“这些危害是由人类做出的决策造成的，”惠勒坚持说。“WGAE认为，应对这些具体危害并追究人工智能公司及其高管因其产品造成的破坏而应承担的责任，是防范任何最坏情况的最可靠方式。”
As the tech sector sounds alarms about AI’s potential to destroy humanity, entertainment labor groups are urging the public to stay focused on what’s already happening. The Verge reached out to Disney：/ai-artificial-intelligence/899850/openai-sora-ai-chatgpt, Netflix：/streaming/966633/netflix-ai-titles-q2-2026-earnings, Amazon：/tech/991809/amazon-prime-video-ai-lip-sync-dubbing, Lionsgate：/2024/9/18/24248115/lionsgate-runway-ai-deal, and other studios who have started using AI, as well film startups focused on bringing generative AI into the mainstream to ask for their reaction to the recent warnings：/ai-artificial-intelligence/991927/anthropic-ai-kill-all-humans surrounding the technology. None have responded to our request for comment. The Screen Actors Guild – American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) and Writers Guild of America East (WGAE) did, however.
The AI tools used in entertainment production differ from the AI systems that have sparked a recent round of whistleblowing and apocalyptic declarations. They do not seem to be as existentially dangerous as the AI systems that drove former Anthropic researcher Jacob Coxon to quit his job：/ai-artificial-intelligence/991927/anthropic-ai-kill-all-humans and prompted Anthropic alignment lead Evan Hubinger to insist that the technology could “kill all humans” at some point “within the next decade.”
When I recently spoke with the Screen Actors Guild – American Federation of Television and Radio Artists’ (SAG-AFTRA) chief negotiator Duncan Crabtree Ireland, he told me that the union recognized early on how AI could impact its members’ livelihoods. Most people might not have been familiar with the idea of studios completely replacing human actors with digital replicas, but SAG-AFTRA understood that it had an opportunity to shape public opinion about AI in Hollywood by “ speaking out about it at the earliest possible point we could.”
“We bargained for and achieved enforceable, meaningful guardrails around how this technology can be implemented by the major employers in our industry,” Crabtree-Ireland explained. “That doesn’t include companies like OpenAI, Anthropic, or Google directly, but it does encompass all of the companies who have built up businesses around the creation of professional level entertainment content in the United States.”
Though Crabtree-Ireland believes we “should be concerned about the broader societal and social implications of AI,” he also thinks that some of the warnings about the technology being an extinction-level threat could potentially be hyperbole and overblown. Doomerism has become one of the more common ways that AI companies generate buzz around their products, but the fact that Coxon left Anthropic to sound the alarm has given Crabtree-Ireland pause. Hearing the message from “the CEOs of these companies or the billionaires who’ve made their billions off of doing the exact thing that they’re now warning us might not be good,” has left him unsure “what to trust or what to believe.” But he acknowledged that Coxon was able to achieve “traction with the public.”
“The recklessness of the tech oligarchs pushing AI on our society has been matched only by their rampant dishonesty.”
Getting people to believe that SAG-AFTRA’s fears about AI should be taken seriously was one of the union’s major goals when its members voted to strike. The key to doing that, Crabtree-Ireland told me, was leading the strike with a focused message that clearly laid out to the public what was at stake and steps that could be taken to prevent worst case scenarios. If not for that, Crabtree-Ireland thinks that the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP) might not have agreed to some of the union’s demands like requiring that studios gain permission and compensate actors for the use of their AI-generated replicas. “If that principle hadn’t been established, I think the economic incentive to use replication and to replace human performances would have been much stronger” and “would have resulted in a much greater and faster adoption of digital replication.” Had the protections not been codified, Crabtree-Ireland is confident that entertainment workers would be in a much more dire position now.
Writers Guild of America East (WGAE) executive director Sam Wheeler was much more pointed in his condemnation of the “tech oligarchs pushing AI on our society” whose recklessness “has been matched only by their rampant dishonesty.” But while Wheeler finds it hard to take AI companies’ warnings at face value, he noted that the WGAE “has long warned that unregulated artificial intelligence poses an existential threat to workers, to our democracy, and to the world.”
“Guild members have bargained meaningful AI protections into their contracts; in 2023 WGA members spent 148 days on strike before the film and television studios agreed to real safeguards for film and television writers,” Wheeler said. “But collective bargaining is not a replacement for government regulation, and we are grateful to states like New York that continue to enact meaningful regulations in the absence of federal action.”
Wheeler listed the disempowerment of workers, the degradation of the internet, the spread of disinformation, and increasing energy costs as some of the tangible societal harms AI has exacerbated. He urged policymakers not to be distracted by AI companies’ claims of ushering in an apocalypse because the real issue at hand is people behaving irresponsibly.
“These harms are the result of decisions made by human beings,” Wheeler insisted. “The WGAE believes that addressing those concrete harms and holding AI companies and their executives liable for the destruction their products cause is the surest way to safeguard against any worst-case scenarios.”
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